Collisional-radiative non-equilibrium impurity treatment for JOREK simulations

A collisional-radiative non-equilibrium impurity treatment for JOREK 3D nonlinear magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) simulations has been developed. The impurities are represented by super-particles flowing along the fluid velocity field lines, while ionizing and recombining independently according to ADAS data local density temperature. contributions then projected back self-consistent time evolution. 2D test case is used compare new model against previous Coronal Equilibrium (CE) treatment, as well behavior between single two temperature model. Further, we conduct benchmark with previously published coronal results other MHD codes such M3D-C1 NIMROD. shown successfully capture early phase cooling weakly ionized which CE missed. benchmarks NIMROD show general agreement in both integrated quantities profile evolution, despite difference atomic used. above comparison cases demonstrate capability of JOREK, paving way more sophisticated non-linear Massive Material Injection (MMI) have important applications disruption mitigation studies.